Role of government in East Asian miracle Research Paper

Role of government in East Asian miracle - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the economic boom which we see in East Asian countries. Despite a few ups and downs close to the end of the century, it is an example of regional development beyond anything. The rapid and well paced development that came in the last 40 years started off largely based on development and manufacturing of simple products like toys and apparel but then keeping up the pace of development reached to the development of automobiles and robots. With mass production and integration of technology and the products marketed towards the major European and American markets, the principal factors that have proven to be the major advantages are low cost of labor, growth in production quality and experience, competitive currency exchange rates in the region and compared to other global currencies and integration of latest technology in the production processes. A clear example of such development is clearly evident from the progress of china which became one of the leading produc ers of products that are completing with some of the most popular brands in the world. Japan which was entirely devastated due to the Second World War did not come out of its chaotic situation automatically; instead, the entire fabric of the country was integrated into one agenda that was of massive development. Unlike most of the westerns countries, the major player in the development of most of the East Asian countries remains the government. Each government played a pivotal role in the formulation of policy and national agenda of economic development that resulted in the miracle to happen. The fact cannot be denied that the global economic changes also played their role in the rapid progress of this region but not completely responsible for it. An independent study conducted by the World Bank on the progress of East Asian tigers, the â€Å"The East Asian Miracle† remarks that: Fundamentally sound development policy was a major ingredient in achieving rapid growth: macro ma nagement, saving promotion policies, education, agricultural productivity, . . . But these fundamental policies do not tell the whole story. Government intervened, targeting selected industries, promoting exports, low interest rates, protecting certain industries, . . . rapid growth has at times benefited from careful policy intervention. (1996: 5) The governments have the control and the ability or forming broad based policies that can be applied on a vast scale with a mission of developing standard policies and delivery of the services. With rapidly changing and uncertain global economics, the macroeconomics of the regions is

Theories of Learning Essay Example for Free

Theories of Learning Essay Fill in the following boxes by defining Elemental and Holistic Models of Development. Then you will describe 2 theories, including theorist (s) from each model of development. Finally you will list the important points derived from each model learning theory. Save this document and type directly onto the document and into the boxes. The boxes will expand to accommodate what you write. Submit as an attachment to the appropriate drop box. ModelDefinition of each Model Learning TheoryTheory and Theorist 1Theory and Theorist 2Important Points Derived (Be sure to number these theories and double space between them for easy reading). Elemental Model Learning TheoryRepresents the universe as a machine composed of discrete pieces operating in a spatio-temporal field: reactive and adaptive model of man. Connectionism Edward L. Thorndike Classical Conditioning Ivan PavlovConnectionism: 1.Law of readiness – circumstances where a learner tends to be satisfied or annoyed, to welcome or reject. 2.Law of exercise – strengthening of connects with practice 3.Law of effect – strengthening or weakening of a connection as a result of its consequences. Classical Conditioning: 1.Reinforcement – conditioned reflex becomes fixed by providing the conditioned stimulus and following it repeatedly with unconditioned stimulus and response at timed intervals. 2.Extinction – Occurs when the reinforcement is discontinued and the conditioned stimulus is presented alone. 3.Generalization – conditioned reflex evoked to one stimulus and can be enticed by another stimulus dis-similar to the first. 4.Differentiation – initial generalization is overcome by method of contrasts where one stimuli is reinforced and the other is not. Holistic Model learning TheoriesRepresents the world as a unitary interactive, developing organism: active and adaptive model of man. Functionalism John Dewey Purposive Behaviorism Edward TolmanFunctionalism: 1.The functionalist is tolerant but critical 2.The functionalist prefers continuities over discontinuities or typologies. 3.The functionalist is an experimentalist. 4.The functionalist is biased toward associationism and environmentalism. Purposive Behaviorism: 1.The law of proximity – parts of a stimulus pattern that are close together or near each other tend to be perceived in groups; therefore, the proximity of the parts in time and space affects the learners organization of the field. 2.Law of similarity and familiarity – objects similar in form, shape, color or size tend to be grouped in perception; familiarity with an object facilities the establishing of a figure-ground pattern. 3.Law of closure – learners try to achieve a satisfying endstate of equilibrium; incomplete shapes, missing parts, and gaps in information are filled in by the perceiver. 4.Law of continuation – organization in perception tends to occur in such a manner that a straight line appears to continue as a straight line, a part circle as a circle, and a three-sided square as a complete square.

Types Of Communication Essay

Types Of Communication Essay Communication always has a specific purpose. Communication is contextual so, the objective of communication varies in any given situation. This requires adaptation to the situation in terms of ways of expression, means and methods of transmission of information. Effective communication not only transfers information but also transfers understanding of the message. In the present globalised world when we come across real face-to-face and virtual communication situations, it becomes even more important to express and transmit the message effectively across geographical, linguistic and cultural boundaries. An understanding of the types of communication helps us to analyze the complexity of communication in various contexts. We may broadly categorize communication according to the type of context in which it takes place. The two categories are: Interpersonal Communication Mass Communication INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION: The communication that occurs between two or more people as unique individuals, where they understand each other on the basis of their uniqueness in behavior is termed as interpersonal communication. Effective interpersonal communication depends on various interpersonal skills including listening, asserting, influencing, persuading, empathizing, negotiating and compassion. Important aspects of communication between individuals include body language and other forms of nonverbal communication. Interpersonal communication can be dyadic or small group communication. The word Dyad refers to a unit constituting two parts, so when communication takes between just two people it is called dyadic communication. In our everyday life we are a part of a small group as a member of family, a work unit or a team at workplace. Though individuals, we are a member of a group in a given context participating and coordinating actively to achieve a common goal. This communicat ion is known as small group communication. The characteristics of interpersonal communication: Interpersonal communication is inevitable: We are in constant communication with individuals around us not only through words but also by our body language (facial expression, gestures, etc.), paralanguage (tone, pitch, silence, etc.). We communicate in spite of our attempt not to communicate. Interpersonal communication is irrevocable: A Russian proverb says, Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again. One cannot take back the words once uttered, the impact stays. Interpersonal communication is intricate: Interpersonal communication is complicated in the sense that it involves psychological context- personality, behaviour, needs, desires, values; social context- an interaction in an annual general meeting will be very distinct from a press release on the companys annual turnover; cultural context- if you come from a culture where it is considered discourteous to make long, direct eye contact, you will out of courtesy evade eye contact. If the other individual comes from a culture where long, direct eye contact indicates credibility then, the cultural differences lead to misunderstanding. Interpersonal communication is interdependent: Communication between two different and unique individuals is always linked and interdependent as the performance of one member of the team decides the performance fate of the entire team. MASS COMMUNICATION: Mass communication occurs when a homogeneous message from a person or a group is transmitted to a large anonymous as well as heterogeneous audience through a special medium. Mass communication is very valuable when advertising a brand or a product for sales promotion through electronic or print medium. Communication, interpersonal or mass communication, both will become non-existent in the absence of forms of communication. The various forms of communication are as follows: Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Verbal communication: When exchange of thoughts, ideas, feelings and emotions takes place through words- spoken or written, the communication is known as verbal communication. Communication through spoken words is known as oral communication whereas communication through written words is known as written communication. Thus verbal communication takes two forms: Oral communication Written communication ORAL COMMUNICATION Definition and Meaning Transmission of thoughts and ideas through spoken words is known as oral communication. Oral communication constitutes 65-75% of an executives time at the work place. A manager spends about 90% of his working hours in oral communication in various formal and informal situations. Meetings, interviews, group discussions, speech, presentations, instructions, etc. are a few examples of formal oral communication situations. Grapevine is an example of informal oral communication. Oral communication also occurs through specific medium such as a face-to-face interaction through video conferencing, videophone or telephone. The way we communicate orally speaks volume about our personality, attitude, and emotional quotient. So, besides words nonverbal communication plays a vital role effective oral communication. Infact, nonverbal communication complements and completes oral communication. Merits of oral communication Oral communication is swift and speedy. It is faster than written communication as messages can be transmitted as well as received simultaneously. Oral communication generates immediate feedback. Direct face-to-face discussion on queries, doubts enhances the efficacy of communication. Oral communication is economical when compared to written communication. It saves the expenses on stationary and administrative formalities. Oral communication provides opportunities to amend and adapt according to the needs and situation. Reading non verbal clues of the audience during oral communication promotes better understanding. A speaker can always reframe the words and rework the tone, pitch for greater clarity of the receiver. Oral communication serves better in negotiations, arriving at a consensus and resolving conflicts. Oral communication is the most appropriate means to healthy interpersonal relations and healthy working environment. Demerits of oral communication Lack of evidence is a major drawback of oral communication. The validity of the message cannot be legally challenged. Oral communication cannot be preserved for long for future reference. Oral communication is not suitable for long messages such as reports, proposals. Human memory is transitory, so its difficult to retain and remember long messages. Oral communication is not a suitable for communicating across geographical boundaries. Communication through telephones or video-conferencing or even traveling long distances is not cost effective. External noise or disturbance in telephone or interference of any kind can reduce the clarity and understanding of the message communicated orally. Personal prejudices, biases, attitudinal problems can hamper proper understanding while communicating orally. Lack of concentration, inattentiveness and anxiety on the part of the receiver can also adversely affect in understanding the message. Senders personality, content and delivery can reduce or enhance the effectiveness of the message. It is difficult to hold people responsible and accountable for the messages communicated orally. One can easily deny and negate oral information. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION Definition and Meaning All the words I use in my stories can be found in the dictionary its just a matter of arranging them into the right sentences. -Somerset Maugham When transmission of information takes place in writing/written words, the communication is referred to as written communication. Written communication is not merely a bundle of words or sentences. Words and sentences matter only when the receiver receives, decodes and understands the meaning as intended by the sender. Written communication is all pervasive-it pervades the length and breadth of an organization in the form of rules, regulations, instructions, notices, letters, reports, etc. Written communication is an indispensable part of planning, execution, collaboration, coordination in an organization. It also defines the structure, hierarchy, roles and responsibilities in the organization. Written communication also ensures greater clarity, accuracy, validity, reliability, accountability and long life of the information. Written communication can be formal as well as informal. Examples of written communication in a formal situation: Issuing orders, directives, notices and circulars Implementing decisions like appointments, transfer Making and implementing policy decisions, rules and regulations Directing letters, memorandum Merits of written communication A piece of written communication can be kept as record for future reference for longer period of time. Written communication is legally valid evidence and so can be challenged before law. Written communication avoids ambiguity and maintains uniformity of decisions, policies and procedures. One can always refer back to a written piece of information. So it can be retained for a longer period of time and has a long-lasting impact. Written communication is suitable for long, complicated messages. In todays globalised world where we have virtual teams and virtual managers working across cultural boundaries written communication is more accurate as it avoids misunderstanding arising due to different accent, tone, pitch and other nonverbal elements. One can always be held responsible for the information conveyed in writing for errors, omissions and the consequent misunderstanding. A written message carries more credibility than oral message as it can be produced in situations of dispute. Written communication facilitates decision making as the past records provide requisite information and necessary guidance. Demerits of Written Communication Written communication is time consuming as the sender needs to plan, organize and transmit the message through proper channel. Some times excessive paper work and the message traveling through various nodes in a communication network leads to the delaying of the message. This delay may also give rise to red-tapism. Written communication does not evoke immediate feedback. It is difficult to make changes, corrections and improvisations in the message once transmitted. If there arises a need to change the message, the process is again time consuming. Written communication is not cost effective. Planning, drafting and circulating of a message in large organizations require proper set up and appropriate infrastructural facilities that add to the expenditure. Writing is an art as well a skill; it is inherent and can also be acquired. Lack of clarity, incoherent organization, excessive jargons, and ambiguous language leads to misinterpretation, which in turn hampers the achievement of the desired objective. Effective written communication Clarity, completeness and persuasiveness are the keys to successful written communication. Composing and conveying the ideas to intended audience is a craft. Following are some measures that enhance the effectiveness of written communication: Adapt to the audience: One needs to adapt communication to the needs and expectations of the target audience. Audience analysis reduces the chances of misunderstanding. Adopt YOU Attitude i.e the communication should be audience centered. Replace I, me, mine, our, us by you, your. (examples) Use bias free language; avoid jargons, sms lingo and the internet language. While communicating to global audience on net take account of the cultural and linguistic differences and follow nettiquetes. While communicating unpleasant news always emphasize on the positive aspects of the situation. (examples) Make appropriate use of functional and content words.(examples) Difference between Oral and Written Communication The above differences between oral and written communication do not establish the superiority of one form of communication over the other. A good communicator always makes an attempt to choose the right form of communication to suit the need, objective, and situation. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION When transmission of ideas, thoughts, feelings, emotions takes place without words, the communication is termed as nonverbal communication. We do not always communicate through words- a smile on the face, broadening of eyes, a frown, sitting posture with legs overlapped, body cross etc. speak volumes about an individuals state of mind, attitude, intentions and emotional status. Non verbal communication finds its roots in culture, so it vast and varied in different communities and cultures across the globe. The exhibit below suggests the impact and extent of nonverbal communication and advocates greater

Female Lawyers in the 20th Century :: Attorneys Law Careers Professions Essays

Female Lawyers in the 20th Century As early as the American Civil War, women fought to enter the legal profession. Since then, they have repeatedly proven themselves competent, and yet many have felt the pressure of opposition from their male counterparts. Even today, discrimination still exists, not from outside the profession, but from within. The reader will confront the history of female attorneys, what obstacles stand in their way, what advances are being made with regards to equality, and where the profession stands today. In addition, the reader will confront interviews with actual women lawyers from New York City, and case studies from across the United States. These women each have unique backgrounds. They work in large law firms, in solo practices, and for the City of New York. For contrast, also included is an interview with a female attorney from Oneonta, New York. Oneonta is a small city in Upstate New York with a population of approximately 14,000. Through the use of these interviews and case st udies, the reader will get a first-hand accounting of what it means to be a female attorney today. History of Women in the Legal Profession The late 19th century saw the rise of the first female lawyers. The Civil War, as all subsequent wars, had an important affect on women. Women were brought out of the home in order to take over the roles of the men who were away at war. Some women did not wish to return to the domestic life they had left behind and sought their way into the professional world. The first female attorneys were married women, and most came from the Midwest. As there were no law schools at the time, women seeking to enter the legal profession were taught by their lawyer husbands. In 1869 Arabelle A. Manfield became the first woman to be granted a law license. However, not all women would be so fortunate. In 1870, Myra Bradwell passed the Illinois state legal examination. Unfortunately, the state of Illinois â€Å"refused to issue her a license on the grounds that law was a wholly unsuitable profession for any wife and mother.†[1] Unhappy with the decision, Bradwell appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

Community Health Nursing Plan

Elevating Prostate Cancer Awareness in Orange County among African American Men University of Central Florida Community Diagnosis Health seeking behavior: prostate cancer screening among African-American men ages 40 and older related to the fact that African American men are 50% more likely to develop prostate cancer than any other racial or ethnic group (Maurer & Smith, 2005, p. 43) and risk factors: family history of prostate cancer, a diet high in fat, and non-participation in screenings as evidenced by a total prostate cancer mortality rate of 84 deaths per 100,000 population in 2009-2011and an incidence of 606 per 100,000 population in 2009-2011 in Orange County, Florida; and Healthy People 2020 C-7 reduce the prostate cancer death rate: Baseline: 23. 5 prostate cancer deaths per 100,000 males and Target: 21. deaths per 100,000 population; and Healthy People 2020 C-19 (Developmental) Increase the proportion of men who have discussed with their health care provider whether or not to have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate cancer. (Florida Charts, 2010; U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Review of Literature PICO: In African-American men, are focus groups using audio-visual methods of prostate cancer risks and early detection better than videography in increasing knowledge about the importance of early prostate screening, diagnosis, and treatment?According to the American Cancer Society (2012), African American men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are more likely to die than any other race or ethnicity. Prostate cancer ranks fifth in overall cause of death among African American men aged 45 and over. From 2009-2011, 42. 5 per 100,000 African American men died from prostate cancer in Florida. Studies show that this disproportion is due to African American men not being screened in the early stages of the disease and delaying treatment in the later stages of disease progression (Carter, Tippett, Anderson, Tam eru, 2010).It is estimated that over 230,000 men will be diagnosed with and over twenty nine thousand men will die of prostate cancer in the year 2013 (American Cancer Society, 2012). Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men, with the exception of lung cancer. Among African American men, disparity in incidence has been attributed to lack of access to healthcare screening, decreased awareness of cancer symptoms, and various environmental and biological factors (Rivers, Underwood, Jones, 2009). Among 4,782 groups of men, only 37. percent report use of available cancer screenings and only 14 percent reported a high level knowledge among prostate cancer. African American men experience a higher mortality rate than white men, and this may be attributed to the fact that they present with more advanced stages of the disease and thus worsens the outcome of survival rates. This paper attempts to identify the cause and incidence of prostate cancer among African Am erican men in Orange County, FL and facilitate an increase in prostate cancer awareness early in the disease. Why is this diagnosis a health problem for this target group?Prostate cancer is responsive to early detection, and more than 75% of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed when the disease is locally confined and curable. â€Å"The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that although early detection and treatment might prevent some prostate cancers from spreading, screening is also likely to detect other cancers that would have grown slowly and not caused health problems† (McBride, 2009). Although routine screening for prostate cancer is a contentious issue, prostate cancer screening offers the only possibility of early detection for individuals at high risk.African American men have the highest prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide, but have lower screening rates compared with Caucasian men. Risk factors such as age and genetic factors play host to disease progression and warrants an even closer look to the availability of healthcare screening for prostate cancer. Studies show that having a brother or father increases the risk of prostate cancer by two fold, with the risk even higher for a biological brother with history of the disease (America Cancer Society, 2012).Prostate cancer risks rises rapidly after age 50, with almost 2 out of 3 prostate cancers found in men over the age of 65. African Americans have also shown the detection of prostate cancer at an earlier age, younger than 45, a factor that is associated with more aggressive disease and poorer treatment outcomes (Baker, 2008). Healthcare screening access, lack of knowledge, and cultural attitudes regarding cancer seems to be factors associated with the discrepancy in prostate cancer incidence among racial groups.In one study, fear of prostate cancer was the main culprit of African American individuals delaying their prostate screening (Baker, 2008). What ar e the current nursing interventions for this problem? What interventions have been successful and what interventions have NOT been successful? A study conducted by Arras, Boyd, Gaehle, (2009) using a one hour video on prostate cancer risks and screening, showed only 12 % of participants gained knowledge from the video using a 19-item post test questionnaire.One of the biggest challenges facing African American men is the lack of underrepresentation in research and clinical trials. A study done in Virginia showed that word of mouth and social networking were found to be an important recruitment strategy in enrolling a population that has been to be challenging to recruit for research (Jones, Steeves, Williams, 2009). A study conducted by Friedman (2012) found that focus groups along with an open-ended questionnaire, resulted in 69% of the participants to participate in phase two of the project.In another study, subjects were given a one hour church based educational seminar delivered through an African American health educator and awareness scores increased from 26% to 73% after the session (Holt, 2009). A fourth study in which test subject were given a letter to come to the clinic for prostate screening, and the control group was given print material and telephone contact show that on review, the group that received the â€Å"two-step† intervention was more compliant with adherence to screening (Reynolds, 2008). PlanTitle: Elevating Prostate Cancer Awareness among African American Men in Orange County The target audience for this plan is Orange County African American men age 45 and older. Short Term: The prospective participants will voluntarily sign up for focus group program at local community events such as churches, physician offices, events, etc. Three Measureable, Time Specific Learner Objectives: 1. At the end of the three-day program, participants will verbalize importance of prostate screening and its associated benefits. 2. At the end of the three-day program, participants will name 3 risk factors of prostate ancer 3. At the end of the three-day program, participants will be able to verbalize benefits of early treatment and prognosis if diagnosed. This plan seeks to educate this target population to promote prostate cancer screening among a high-risk group through knowledge base, discussions, focus groups, and audio-visual methods there by increase the proportion of African American men to undergo prostate screening. The three-day program taught by student nurses will include teaching on benefits of early detection, importance of prostate screening, risk facts, associated symptoms, PSA test, and prognosis.Each session will be of one-hour duration with 20 participants in each focus group. The three-day program will be repeated weekly over the course of a month, for a total of 80 men educated in a month’s time. To gain the trust of our population, African American student nurses will teach the program. The educatio n program will be a church based session, in hopes to promote familiarity and confidence. Participants will receive a $15 incentive gift card upon completion of the educational program and transportation will be offered through local church services as a complimentary.To measure retention and knowledge gained from the program, participants will be given a 10-item, multiple-choice exam, with a 85% score needed to demonstrate comprehension. Participants who score below, will be given reinforcement and allow for discussion on material. Budget |Item |Price |Quantity |Frequency |Total | |Student Nurses |$14. 00/hr |3 student nurses |3 hours/week for 1 month |$504. 0 | |Gift Cards |$15 |80 |Upon completion of program |$1,200. 00 | |Church |$0 |One |3 days/week for 1 month |$0 | |Transportation |Free |1 bus with 20 occupants |3 days/week for 1 month |$0 | |Print Material |8 cents/page |80 |80 participants for 4 weeks |$64. 0 | | | | | |$1,768 | Nursing Process- Intervention and Evaluation |Objectives |Learning Domain |Topical Outline |Evaluation | |1.At the end of the three-day|Cognitive |Primary: The student nurse will teach the signs and |The client will be given a 10-item, multiple-choice | |program, participants will |Affective |symptoms of prostate cancer, available diagnostic |exam regarding prostate cancer risk factors, signs and| |verbalize importance of | |exams and laboratory data to discuss with their |symptoms, early treatment modalities, prognosis if | |prostate screening and its | |health care provider. detected promptly, and importance of annual prostate | |associated benefits. | |Secondary: The student nurse will assess client’s |screening for AAM older than 45 years old with an 85% | | | |ability to recall importance of PSA tests and DRE, |score needed to demonstrate comprehension. | | |and allow for questions on how exams are performed. |Participants who do no succeed on first attempt, will | | | | |review exam and discuss with the student n urse. | | | |Re-examination will take place the same day and an 85%| | | | |is needed to show competency and comprehension of | | | | |educational program. |2. At the end of the three-day|Cognitive Psychomotor |Primary: The student nurse will teach risk factors |The client will be given a 10-item, multiple-choice | |program, participants will | |of prostate cancer, give print material, and show |exam regarding prostate cancer risk factors, signs and| |name 3 risk factors of | |DVD on risk factors and African American men. symptoms, early treatment modalities, prognosis if | |prostate cancer. | |Secondary: The student nurse will perform a focused |detected promptly, and importance of annual prostate | | | |health history, family history, social habits, |screening for AAM older than 45 years old with an 85% | | | |diet/nutrition, and provide feedback.Referral to |score needed to demonstrate comprehension. | | | |providers as applicable. |Participants who do no succeed on first attempt , will | | | | |review exam and discuss with the student nurse. | | | |Re-examination will take place the same day and an 85%| | | | |is needed to show competency and comprehension of | | | | |information. |3. At the end of the three-day|Cognitive |Primary: The student nurse will teach evidence based|The client will be given a 10-item, multiple-choice | |program, participants will be |Affective |statistics and prognosis if diagnosed early. exam regarding prostate cancer risk factors, signs and| |able to verbalize benefits of | |Secondary: The student nurse will teach client |symptoms, early treatment modalities, prognosis if | |early treatment and prognosis | |available options for early treatment and importance|detected promptly, and importance of annual prostate | |if diagnosed. | |of annual prostate screening. screening for AAM older than 45 years old with an 85% | | | | |score needed to demonstrate comprehension. | | | | |Participants who do no succeed on first attempt, will | | | | |review exam and discuss with the student nurse. | | | |Re-examination will take place the same day and an 85%| | | | |is needed to show competency and comprehension of | | | | |information. | References American Cancer Society. (2012, February 27). Prostate key statistics. Retrieved  March  26, 2013, from http://www. ancer. org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-key-statistics Arras-Boyd, R. , Boyd, R. , & Gaehle, K. (2009). Reaching men at highest risk for undetected prostate cancer. International Journal Of Men's Health, 8(2), 116-128. Baker, S. A. (2008). Prostate cancer screening intention among african american men: An instrument development study. University of South Florida). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 149. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. net. ucf. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/304467092? accountid=10003. (304467092) Carter, V. L. & Tippett, F. Anderson, D. L. & Tameru, B. (2010). Increasing prostate cancer screening amo ng african american men. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 21(3), 91-106. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved March 21, 2013, from Project MUSE database. CHARTS Generated Report. (2011). FloridaCHARTS. com – Florida Health Statistics and Community Health Data. Retrieved from http://www. floridacharts. com/charts/DisplayHTML. aspx? ReportType=7244=48=2011=32 Friedman, D. , Johnson, K. , Owens, O. , Thomas, T. , Dawkins, D. , Gansauer, L. , & †¦ Hebert, J. (2012). Developing

Examine the Key Influence on Operations Which Contributes to the Business Success Essay

This Report will examine how the major influences on Operations which contribute to the success of the business with focus all of the major eight influences, these include Globalisation, Technology, Environmental Sustainability, Legal Regulations, Corporate Social Responsibility, Quality Expectations, Government Policies and Cost based Competition. This report will also examine the impact of the influences on businesses such as Billabong, Westpac, Holden, Woolworth and Coca-Cola. Globalisation Globalisation is the internationalization of trade and often forces businesses to adopt new strategies for operations to suit different cultures and economies. The often easily saturated domestic market has triggered many large businesses to expand globally for the purpose of increased sales and profits. Globalisation allows businesses to enter new markets, increase the size of their product range and the size of their operations, thus leading to the successful business. One such business that has successfully undergone the process of Globalisation is Billabong. Billabong’s approach in their expansion into foreign markets has allowed the stakeholders of the business to access to the numerous advantages of globalisation, such as the expansion through new markets. New Markets Billabong commenced with global expansion with the aim to increase revenue and profitability as their original domestic niche market became increasing hard to expand, as the surfing demographics geographically was limited to coastal areas. Today, Billabong is a major transnational surfing brand, producing mass customized outputs to meet the demand of the potential customers at the global market. This is done through the Global web strategy, which allowed Billabong to carefully select from a list of appropriate proximity global suppliers which can make up a predictable and reliable supply chain that is highly responsive to changes in demand that will be experienced by the business. It is evident that Billabong has successfully been influenced by Globalisation with over 70% of its revenue being generated from overseas markets. Technology Many business use existing cutting edge technology to design, construct and or apply innovative devices, machinery and methods upon the operations process. The goal is to provide opportunities for their businesses to apply new breakthroughs, innovations, and inventions to both administrative and processing level of Operations, with aims to increase efficiency and logistics in production process, lower prices, increase their market share and a higher return for the business’s shareholders and thus gain competitive advantage in their target market and leading the business a path to success. One particular business that has integrated very well with technology is Woolworths. Woolworths’s approach to technology, especially in its processing level has let opportunity for the business to increase efficiency of operations via improving the supply chain management. Woolworths Project refresh was put in place on the operation process in 1999 with aims to increase efficiency via utilising technology and is prove successful. An example of technology used in Woolworth is the IT system called AutoStockR. It is used to forecast when supermarket shelves need to be replenished. This type of technology can effectively prevent stock from running out, which leads to increase of customer satisfaction and reliability on the brand and ultimately leading the business to success. Quality Expectation Consumers are becoming increasing orientated to the marketing process of a business; as a result, customers began to have an expectation to the level of quality that they will receive from the product outputs by businesses. These expectations involve: *Quality of design *Fitness for purpose *Durability An operations manager needs to make sure that the goods produced are of the required quality that is expected by the consumers that is they are safe and reliable. For any businesses not able to achieve the expectations assumed by the customers on the quality of the product produced by the business, can lead to a decline in sales and ultimately business failure. Cost-Based Competition Cost has traditionally being a major influence on all business as all businesses desire to achieve maximum efficiency as it is a vital factor for businesses in order to reach the ultimate goal and success. Businesses sees cost as the key value to success and aims to become as much cost efficient as possible, by implementing a cost-leadership style approach to the operations variable cost or fixed cost ,while maintain the expected profit margin, business is able to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in their target market. This is called cost-based competition. By determining the break-even point and applying cost saving strategies, to reducing cost, businesses who apply cost-based competition in their operations is able to maximize the profits and lead business to success. Government Policies Regardless of the nation of the business may be operating in, all aspect of any business must comply by the laws and policies of businesses set by the government of that nation in order to success. Political policies often alter business legal regulations and thus leading to business opportunity, such as taxation rates, WH&S standards, public safety and health policy, and environment policies all contribute to business success. An example of recent government policy is Carbon Tax. The introduction of the Carbon Tax in 2012 will see many carbon-intensive businesses, such as electricity companies, restructure their operations to more renewable energy sources, as this will reduce business costs and possibly allow them a competitive advantage thus leading business to success. Legal Regulations The legal influence on the business is a complex issue as the legal system with each nation has a fundamental difference on how the legal regulation influences on the operations of a global business. The range of laws set by each individual nation which businesses must comply is collectively termed compliance. The cost of expenses to meet and integrate the legal regulations to meet the compliance is very influential on the business’s cost and ultimately the operations process. In Australia, the legal system recognizes the contemporary issues exists many large industries exploiting their workers and place upon businesses to protect the labor market and the public health and environment. Some of these laws include: *Workers Health and Safety Act:  *Anti-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity Act: *Fair work and Anti-discrimination law Environmental Sustainability As global consumers became increasing aware of the current environmental problems, such as pollution, global businesses are required to identify the key structural changes needed, which may affect demand and supply conditions for their products and eventually their success. This is done through integrating the goals outlined by the environment sustainability laws into their resources and operations planning and practices in order to receive a good image with their target market and maintain their market share which leads the business to success. One of the businesses has completely complied with the legal regulations to sustain the environment is Holden. Holden’s approach to sustain the world environment, such as the integration of the business goals with the goals outlined in the environmental sustainability laws has maintained a good image of the business assumed by the market.To comply with the legal regulations set by the government, and to maintain customer satisfaction, Holden focus on reducing energy, water and waste as operating performance indicators has successfully reduced their carbon footprint demanded by the government and consumers and maintained their market share. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Business in the modern global market extends their objectives from just complying with the legal regulations in their operations to reach maximum financial gain to â€Å"service to society and community† by taking account of their business practices based on the respect for people, community and the broader environment. Businesses who have that change of objectives are aiming to achieve corporate social responsibility. Formerly known as the triple bottom line, corporate social responsibility places same value on profitability with social justice and environmental protection. Businesses with a positive CSR image will gain high reputations among the stakeholders, thus leading to business efficiency and ultimately business success. However, the notion of CSR can also be exploited as a marketing ploy, thus criteria and measures have been established for prevention. Some of these measures are: *Ethical responsibility It is standard for many businesses to operate at the level of legal compliance permissible as it means to maintain cost efficiency and thus maintain profit at a maximum. However for businesses who truly integrate corporate social responsibility into their business practices aims to meet all legal obligations and taking into account broader social, community and environmental concerns. One of the businesses who have taken on ethical responsibility on their business operations practices is Westpac. Westpac demonstrate ethical responsibility in many ways, such as its target of 40% of senior management positions being held by women by 2014. *Environmental Sustainability As mentioned earlier the principle of ecological sustainability requires business to evaluate their operations strategies affected by the environment and produce new and better products in an ecologically sustainable manner as the business focus coincides with stakeholder expectations. For example; Coca-Cola demonstrates corporate social responsibility in regards to environmental sustainability through its extensive water recycling program, which has significantly reduced water wastage at the company’s production facilities in Australia and around the world. This type of CSR actions by Coca-Cola has led the stakeholders’ good impression of the business which ultimately leads to business success. Conclusion This Report has examined how each of the major influences such as: Globalisation, Technology, Environmental Sustainability, Legal Regulations, Corporate Social Responsibility, Quality Expectations, Government Policies and Cost based Competition on Operations contributes to the success of the business. This report also had examined the impact of the influences on the businesses such as Billabong, Westpac, Holden, Woolworth and Coca-Cola.